Jaundice is a
yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and of the white of the
eyes caused by elevated levels of the chemical bilirubin in the blood
(hyperbilirubinemia). Jaundice is not a disease, but rather a visible
sign of an underlying disease process. A yellow pigment produced during normal
breakdown of red blood cells. Most infants born between 35 weeks' gestation and
full term need no treatment for jaundice. Rarely, an unusually high blood level
of bilirubin can place a newborn at risk of brain damage, particularly in the
presence of certain risk factors for severe jaundice.
Neonatal Jaundice
Tuesday, April 9, 2019
- Newborn jaundice occurs when a baby has a high level of
bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow substance that the body
creates when it replaces old red blood cells. The liver helps break down
the substance so it can be removed from the body in the stool. A high
level of bilirubin makes a baby's skin and whites of the eyes look yellow.
This is called jaundice.
- Mild infant jaundice often disappears on its own within
two or three weeks. For moderate or severe jaundice, your baby may need to
stay longer in the newborn nursery or be readmitted to the hospital.
- Jaundice is the most common condition that requires
medical attention and hospital readmission in newborns. The yellow
coloration of the skin and sclera in newborns with jaundice is the result
of accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin.
- In most infants, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia reflects a normal transitional phenomenon. However, in some infants, serum bilirubin levels may rise excessively, which can be cause for concern because unconjugated bilirubin is neurotoxic and can cause death in newborn.
Symptoms of Neonatal Jaundice
The signs of
the baby getting jaundice are when you see the skin and the baby's white eyes
becoming yellowish. This usually occurs between the second and the fourth day
after birth. The first colour appears on the face, followed by the chest,
abdomen, arms, and legs in sequence.
How to Check?
- To check if the baby gets jaundice, slowly press the baby's forehead or nose.
- If the skin looks yellow where you press, your baby may have jaundice. For your baby to be healthy, the colour will look brighter than normal skin colour.
- This technique is great for bright skinned children; If your baby has dark skin, the way is to check the yellowish colour on the white or gums.
- You will also find that your baby's stools are pale.
Bilirubin Level
- The above graph shows the changes in billirubin level in baby which affects the neonatal jaundice in baby. According to the graph, when a baby's age increases in (hours), the level of bilirubin increase. For example, when the baby is 132(hours), the billirubin level is 200-300L, which makes the increase of jaundice in a baby.
Neonatal Jaundice in Babies
- The graph above shows the frequency level of billirubin in a baby which shows the time taken to seek medical consultation when the Neonatal Jaundice in noticed in a baby. According to the blog, when the baby is 24 hours younger, the baby should be brought to the medical consultation as the frequency of jaundice would be higher. For example, when baby is lesser than 24 hours old, the frequency level is 86.12%.
Factors Affecting Neonatal Jaundice
Infant jaundice is caused by an
excess of bilirubin. Bilirubin is a waste product, produced when red blood
cells are broken down. It is normally broken down in the liver and removed from
the body in the stool.
Before a baby is born, it has a
different form of hemoglobin. Once they are born, they very rapidly break down
the old hemoglobin. This generates higher than normal levels of bilirubin that
must be filtered out of the bloodstream by the liver and sent to the intestine
for excretion.
However, an underdeveloped liver
cannot filter out the bilirubin as fast as it is being produced, resulting in
hyperbilirubinemia (an excess of bilirubin).
Infant jaundice with
breast-feeding is common. It occurs in newborns that are breast-fed in two
separate forms :-
a) Breast-feeding jaundice - occurs in the first week of life, if the baby does not feed well, or if the mother's milk is slow to come in.
b) Breast milk jaundice - this is due to how substances in the breast milk interfere with the breakdown process of bilirubin. It occurs after 7 days of life, peaking at 2-3 weeks.
a) Breast-feeding jaundice - occurs in the first week of life, if the baby does not feed well, or if the mother's milk is slow to come in.
b) Breast milk jaundice - this is due to how substances in the breast milk interfere with the breakdown process of bilirubin. It occurs after 7 days of life, peaking at 2-3 weeks.
Complications/Effects of Jaundice
Some cases of severe
infant jaundice are linked to an underlying disorder, such as:
a) Kernicterus
Its a rare but serious
complication of untreated jaundice in babies. It's caused by excess
bilirubin damaging the brain or central nervous system.In newborn babies with
very high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinaemia), the bilirubin
can cross the thin layer of tissue that separates the brain and blood (the
blood-brain barrier).The bilirubin can damage the brain and spinal cord, which
can be life threatening.Brain damage caused by high levels of bilirubin is also
called bilirubin encephalopathy.
Your baby may be at risk of developing kernicterus if:
Your baby may be at risk of developing kernicterus if:
- they have a very high level of bilirubin in their blood
- the level of bilirubin in their blood is rising rapidly
- they don't receive any treatment
Liver Disease:
Infant jaundice usually occurs because a baby's liver isn't mature enough to get rid of bilirubin in the bloodstream. In some babies, an underlying disease may cause infant jaundice. Most infants born between 35 weeks' gestation and full term need no treatment for jaundice.
Infant jaundice usually occurs because a baby's liver isn't mature enough to get rid of bilirubin in the bloodstream. In some babies, an underlying disease may cause infant jaundice. Most infants born between 35 weeks' gestation and full term need no treatment for jaundice.
Blocked bile duct or
bowels:
Abnormal Red Blood Cells:
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
What is Neonatal Jaundice?
Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and of the white of the eyes caused by elevated levels of the chemical ...